Alexander and his exploits were admired by many Romans, especially generals, who wanted to associate themselves with his achievements. [187] Craterus started to carry out Alexander's commands, but the successors chose not to further implement them, on the grounds they were impractical and extravagant. [63][64] At first, all went well. This also showed Alexander's eagerness to fight, in contrast to his father's preference for diplomacy. [303], Many of the legends about Alexander derive from his own lifetime, probably encouraged by Alexander himself. His father Philip was probably Alexander's most immediate and influential role model, as the young Alexander watched him campaign practically every year, winning victory after victory while ignoring severe wounds. [196] In India, confronted by Porus's elephant corps, the Macedonians opened their ranks to envelop the elephants and used their sarissas to strike upwards and dislodge the elephants' handlers. [120], After Aornos, Alexander crossed the Indus and fought and won an epic battle against King Porus, who ruled a region lying between the Hydaspes and the Acesines (Chenab), in what is now the Punjab, in the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326BC. Possible causes include a drunken accident or deliberate revenge for the burning of the Acropolis of Athens during the Second Persian War by Xerxes;[90] Plutarch and Diodorus allege that Alexander's companion, the hetaera Thas, instigated and started the fire. [159] Veratrum album poisoning can have a prolonged course and it was suggested that if Alexander was poisoned, Veratrum album offers the most plausible cause. The common soldiers, anxious about his health, were granted the right to file past him as he silently waved at them. [107] The cities' locations reflected trade routes as well as defensive positions. Alexander was a Peripatetic philosopher and commentator, active in the late second and early third century CE. When Philip heard of this, he stopped the negotiations and scolded Alexander for wishing to marry the daughter of a Carian, explaining that he wanted a better bride for him. In 336 he sent Parmenion, with Amyntas, Andromenes and Attalus, and an army of 10,000 men into Anatolia to make preparations for an invasion. WebAlexander (2004) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. [147] Alexander developed a fever, which worsened until he was unable to speak. [199][198] Nevertheless, Andrew Stewart highlights the fact that artistic portraits, not least because of who they are commissioned by, are always partisan, and that artistic portrayals of Alexander "seek to legitimize him (or, by extension, his Successors), to interpret him to their audiences, to answer their critiques, and to persuade them of his greatness", and thus should be considered within a framework of "praise and blame", in the same way sources such as praise poetry are. [292], In 39, Caligula performed a spectacular stunt by ordering a temporary floating bridge to be built using ships as pontoons, stretching for over two miles from the resort of Baiae to the neighbouring port of Puteoli. In the temple of Luxor, near Karnak, he built a chapel for the sacred barge. In 335 BC, shortly after his assumption of kingship over Macedon, he campaigned in the Balkans and reasserted control over Thrace and Illyria before marching on the city of Thebes, which was subsequently destroyed in battle. [102], A plot against his life was revealed, and one of his officers, Philotas, was executed for failing to alert Alexander. WebAlexander Forbes is committed to protecting the integrity of all client information within an international best practice compliance framework. WebAlexander is a male given name.The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander and Aleksandr.Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexandre, [99] He claimed that, while dying, Darius had named him as his successor to the Achaemenid throne. [314] He then travelled the known world in search of the Water of Life and Immortality, eventually becoming a prophet. UPCOMING EVENTS. WebAlexander 23 Hate Me If It Helps [Official Music Video] Alexander 23 Aint Christmast (with Laufey) [Official Lyric Video] AFTERSHOCK HOODIE $60.00. [145], On either 10 or 11 June 323BC, Alexander died in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II, in Babylon, at age 32. [263][264][265], Libanius wrote that Alexander founded the temple of Zeus Bottiaios (Ancient Greek: ), in the place where later the city of Antioch was built. Menu. The Macedonians were a Greek tribe. Aristotle taught Alexander and his companions about medicine, philosophy, morals, religion, logic, and art. AR Tetradrachm (25mm, 17.15 g, 1h). [62] Alexander had no obvious or legitimate heir, his son Alexander IV by Roxane being born after Alexander's death. Its meaning is derived from the components alexo (I defend) and aner (man). UPCOMING EVENTS. Therefore, since his feet did not reach its lowest step, once of the royal pages placed a table under his feet. First published Mon Oct 13, 2003; substantive revision Thu Jan 19, 2017. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military WebThe name Alexander is primarily a male name of Greek origin that means Defender Of The People. [73][74] The men of military age were massacred and the women and children sold into slavery. [106] This was one aspect of Alexander's broad strategy aimed at securing the aid and support of the Iranian upper classes. Buy Now. Menu. [246] This episode is also told by Plutarch, probably based on the same source. )", East-West Orientation of Historical Empires, "The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Pella (Khirbet Fahil) Jordan", "Pausanias, Description of Greece, *korinqiaka/, chapter 1, section 5", "Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, BOOK V. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. Later in his childhood, Alexander was tutored by the strict Leonidas, a relative of his mother, and by Lysimachus of Acarnania. Chemistry. Alexander: Directed by Oliver Stone. [112], In general, Greece enjoyed a period of peace and prosperity during Alexander's campaign in Asia. Justin stated that Alexander was the victim of a poisoning conspiracy, Plutarch dismissed it as a fabrication,[151] while both Diodorus and Arrian noted that they mentioned it only for the sake of completeness. Vocabulary. [108], Later, in the Central Asian campaign, a second plot against his life was revealed, this one instigated by his own royal pages. Greek astronomical treatise) and Paulisa Siddhanta texts depict the influence of Greek astronomical ideas on Indian astronomy. ", In 337 BC, Alexander fled Macedon with his mother, dropping her off with her brother, King Alexander I of Epirus in Dodona, capital of the Molossians. AFTERSHOCK T-SHIRT $36.00. Gender: Alexander is frequently used as a boy name. [45], In summer 336BC, while at Aegae attending the wedding of his daughter Cleopatra to Olympias's brother, Alexander I of Epirus, Philip was assassinated by the captain of his bodyguards, Pausanias. [61] Alexander then set out on his Asian campaign, leaving Antipater as regent. Alexanders father, Philip II of Macedon, hired Aristotle, one of historys greatest philosophers,, to educate the 13-year-old prince. I HATE ALEXANDER 23 T-SHIRT $35.00. The territory was colonized, and a city, named Alexandropolis, was founded. After his trip to Siwa, Alexander was crowned in the temple of Ptah at Memphis. They went on to occupy the city of Elatea, only a few days' march from both Athens and Thebes. Philip then returned to Elatea, sending a final offer of peace to Athens and Thebes, who both rejected it. Some of the most pronounced effects of Hellenization can be seen in Afghanistan and India, in the region of the relatively late-rising Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (250125 BC) (in modern Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan) and the Indo-Greek Kingdom (180 BC 10 AD) in modern Afghanistan and India. [17] Contemporaries who wrote accounts of his life included Alexander's campaign historian Callisthenes; Alexander's generals Ptolemy and Nearchus; Aristobulus, a junior officer on the campaigns; and Onesicritus, Alexander's chief helmsman. [143] During his visit to Pasargadae, Alexander ordered his architect Aristobulus to decorate the interior of the sepulchral chamber of Cyrus's tomb. When Alexander asked Diogenes what he could do for him, the philosopher disdainfully asked Alexander to stand a little to the side, as he was blocking the sunlight. We are proud to offer over 125 university level courses that transfer to other universities and colleges in the BCCAT system. Taking advantage of this power vacuum, Chandragupta Maurya (referred to in Greek sources as "Sandrokottos"), of relatively humble origin, took control of the Punjab, and with that power base proceeded to conquer the Nanda Empire. Buy Now. CITY PARK. ABOUT US; CONTACT US; CITY BOARDS; NEWS & EVENTS. While he was sleeping, the goddess appeared and told him to found a city there and move into it the Smyrnaeans from the "old" city. [295] This act was in defiance of a prediction by Tiberius's soothsayer Thrasyllus of Mendes that Caligula had "no more chance of becoming emperor than of riding a horse across the Bay of Baiae". [26], Suda writes that Anaximenes of Lampsacus was one of Alexander's teachers, and that Anaximenes also accompanied Alexander on his campaigns. in Pella, Macedonia, to King Philip II. WebThe story is an epic that is as daring and ambitious as its subject, a relentless conqueror who by the age of 32 had amassed the greatest empire the world had ever seen. Commerce. "[305], In the first centuries after Alexander's death, probably in Alexandria, a quantity of the legendary material coalesced into a text known as the Alexander Romance, later falsely ascribed to Callisthenes and therefore known as Pseudo-Callisthenes. Alexander was proclaimed king on the spot by the nobles and army at the age of 20. Asian Studies. [276] The resulting syncretism known as Greco-Buddhism influenced the development of Buddhism[277] and created a culture of Greco-Buddhist art. Alexander followed close behind and captured the strategic hill-fort after four bloody days. [169] Perhaps more likely, the successors may have seen possession of the body as a symbol of legitimacy, since burying the prior king was a royal prerogative. This ensured that Alexander would not be outflanked, while his phalanx, armed with long pikes, had a considerable advantage over the Persians' scimitars and javelins. [17], The conquest by Philip II of Pangaeum and then of the island of Thasos between 356 and 342 BC brought rich gold and silver mines under Macedonian control. [14], On the day Alexander was born, Philip was preparing a siege on the city of Potidea on the peninsula of Chalcidice. [17] Some of the cities he founded became major cultural centers, many surviving into the 21st century. [318] During the first Italian campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars, in a question from Bourrienne, asking whether he gave his preference to Alexander or Caesar, Napoleon said that he places Alexander The Great in the first rank, the main reason being his campaign on Asia. Philip II had waged war against the Thracians to the north, which left Alexander in charge as regent and heir apparent. The gold series had the head of Athena on the obverse and a winged Nike (Victory) on the reverse. Struck under Balakros or Menes, circa 333-327 BC", "Images of Authority II: The Greek Example", Alexander: Selected Texts from Arrian, Curtius and Plutarch, The Classical Tradition: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature: Greek and Roman Influences on Western Literature, "World map according to Eratosthenes (194 B.C. As a young boy, Alexander was taught to read, write, and play the lyre. Ptolemy IX Lathyros, one of Ptolemy's final successors, replaced Alexander's sarcophagus with a glass one so he could convert the original to coinage. Alexander III 'the Great'. Ronald H. Fritze, Egyptomania: A History of Fascination, Obsession and Fantasy, p 103. [114] However, Alexander's constant demands for troops and the migration of Macedonians throughout his empire depleted Macedon's strength, greatly weakening it in the years after Alexander, and ultimately led to its subjugation by Rome after the Third Macedonian War (171168 BC). [138][139] As a gesture of thanks, he paid off the debts of his soldiers, and announced that he would send over-aged and disabled veterans back to Macedon, led by Craterus. ", Peter Turchin, Thomas D. Hall and Jonathan M. Adams, ", Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne, Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte, pp 158. [298] Pliny the Elder adds that the planned distance was 12 kilometres (7.5mi), and the purpose was to cut a canal through the isthmus to connect the Caystrian and Hermaean bays. Apart from a few inscriptions and fragments, texts written by people who actually knew Alexander or who gathered information from men who served with Alexander were all lost. [222] This was no doubt in part due to Aristotle's tutelage; Alexander was intelligent and quick to learn. Concerned that other Greek states might intervene, Alexander made it look as though he was preparing to attack Illyria instead. [162] Another recent analysis suggested pyogenic (infectious) spondylitis or meningitis. By N. G. L. Hammond, F. W. Walbank, G. LE RIDER, Alexandre le Grand: Monnaie, finances et politique, Chapitre V, "Histoire", PUF, 2003, p153-214, REBUFFAT Franoise, La monnaie dans l'Antiquit, Picard, 1996 .p204. His military achievements and unprecedented enduring successes in battle made him the measure against which many later military leaders would compare themselves,[c] and his tactics remain a significant subject of study in military academies worldwide. [220] He had great self-restraint in "pleasures of the body", in contrast with his lack of self-control with alcohol. When Alexander learned about this, he was furious. The Theban resistance was ineffective, and Alexander razed the city and divided its territory between the other Boeotian cities. [a] He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western Asia and Egypt. The cities he founded became major cultural centers, many surviving into the 21st century at them CONTACT US city! 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