Defendants have the right to a presumption of innocence and to a fair and public trial without undue delay. As a result the new Chamber of Deputies had 37 indigenous deputies, six Afro-Mexican deputies, four LGBTQI+ deputies (including two transgender deputies), and eight deputies with disabilities. Minors were recruited or forced by cartels to traffic persons, drugs, or other goods across the border with the United States. It is also a criminal offense in all states. Federal law provides citizens the ability to choose their government through free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage. Civil society organizations alleged that workers were prohibited from leaving by threats of violence or by nonpayment of wages. Crime in Mexico City, Mexico. The third and fourth stages will be complete in 2021, extending the tramline to the Luxembourg Airport, the Luxembourg train station, and the neighborhood of Cloche d'Or. The constitution and law prohibit discrimination with respect to employment or occupation. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. From 1979 to 2020 only eight women had become governors. On June 19, a dispute between factions of the Gulf cartel killed 15 persons in the state of Tamaulipas. There was a lack of comprehensive data on internally displaced persons (IDPs). Do not travel to the Colombian border area in the Loreto Region because of crime, or the area in central Peru known as the Valley of the Rivers Apurimac, Ene, and Mantaro (VRAEM) because of crime and terrorism. The National Migration Institute, under the authority of the Interior Secretariat, is responsible for enforcing migration law. In August 2020 a federal judge sentenced Juan Carlos El Larry Moreno Ochoa to 50 years in prison for killing Breach. The threat against journalists by organized crime was particularly high in the state of Guerrero. The Jalisco government disarmed the municipal police force of Ixtlahuacan and turned over public security duties to the National Guard and the Jalisco Secretariat for Public Security. The new vote took place on August 17-18, and a majority of workers rejected the collective bargaining agreement. There were reports of numerous forced disappearances by organized crime groups, sometimes with allegations of state collusion with authorities. While penalties for conviction of forced labor were commensurate with those for similar crimes, very few cases were successfully prosecuted. Women were more likely to experience discrimination in wages, working hours, and benefits. NGOs reported no changes in the mental health system to create community services or any efforts by authorities to have independent experts monitor human rights abuses in psychiatric institutions. In June unknown assailants killed Javier Barajas Pina in the state of Guanajuato. On February 6, the federal Law Against Digital Harassment took effect. On August 28, approximately 500 migrants, the majority from Haiti, started a caravan from Tapachula to Mexico City to obtain expedited asylum processing. Penalties for law violations regarding hours and minimum wage were commensurate with those for other similar laws but were rarely enforced. This decision prevented a protection union from attempting to stop the strike by filing a challenge to the Mineros Unions control of the existing collective bargaining agreement at the San Martin mine in Sombrerete, Zacatecas. Conflicts arose from the interpretation of indigenous communities self-governing normative systems. Uses and customs laws apply traditional practices to resolve disputes, choose local officials, and collect taxes, with limited federal or state government involvement. Level of crime: 78.46: High: Crime increasing in the past 3 years: 79.14: . Some prisons were undersubscribed, while others were overcrowded. Of the day laborers, 33 percent received no financial compensation for their work, and only 3 percent had a formal written contract. Communities and NGOs representing indigenous groups criticized the government for failing to consult indigenous communities adequately when making decisions regarding extractive industry and natural resource development projects on indigenous lands. In July the secretary of the navy publicly apologized to families of the victims, marking the first time the armed forces apologized for committing forced disappearances. The states with the most teenage pregnancies were Chiapas, Coahuila, and Guerrero, and Tabasco. In July the CNB reported it had recovered more than 1,100 pounds of charred human remains from La Bartolina, Tamaulipas, a clandestine cremation site found in 2017. INEGI reported that 2 percent of the population (2.5 million) self-identified as Afro-Mexican. See the Department of States Trafficking in Persons Report at https://www.state.gov/trafficking-in-persons-report/. September had the highest incident rate, with an average of 84 women killed in each month. Access to justice was limited. lion fight muay thai salary. Enforcement, however, was inconsistent across the states. State-level prosecutors reported investigating at least 199 cases involving child trafficking victims in 2020. The Interior Secretariat reaffirmed its commitment to protect refugee applicants even as the country experienced an unprecedented number of applicants. The law provides for the freedoms of peaceful assembly and association, and the government generally respected these rights, with some exceptions. The Director of the Diplomatic Security Service is one of the co-chairs of OSAC, and a DS Special Agent serves as OSAC's Executive Director. According to the NGO Christian Solidarity Worldwide, Catholic-majority communities sometimes discriminated, harassed, threatened, displaced, denied basic services, and destroyed the property of individuals who left Catholicism. Impunity and extremely low rates of prosecution remained a problem for all crimes, including human rights abuses and corruption. The law prohibits children younger than age 15 from working and allows those ages 15 to 17 to work no more than six daytime hours in nonhazardous conditions daily, and only with parental permission and permission from the labor authority. In just the first few months of 2019, the Mexican coastal state of Veracruz has been plagued by bloodshed - on the streets, in drive-by shootings, and even with a massacre at a family gathering . Reforms to the Prosecutor Generals Office split the Office for Combating Violence Against Women and the Trafficking in Persons offices in an effort to elevate these issues by giving each its own special prosecutor general. Child protection authorities lacked sufficient capacity to shelter and process migrant children and families, and the government made modest headway to increase that capacity. Children constituted 19 percent of irregular migrant flows identified by authorities; 30 percent of them were unaccompanied. In July 2020 he was arrested in another country pursuant to a Mexican extradition request on charges that he diverted millions of dollars in public funds. The law prohibits compulsory overtime. The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report's publication assesses Peru at Level 2, showing travelers should exercise increased caution. Criminal cases related to such violations were rarely carried out. Mexico's foreign policy with regard to human rights under the Lpez Obrador . According to the measurement, which offers a balance for 2020, the capital of Potos has a rate of 37,400 victims per 100,000 inhabitants, only below Toluca, capital of the State of Mexico, with 38,300. In addition to shelters, womens justice centers provided services including legal, psychological, and protective; however, the number of cases far surpassed institutional capacity. Some public officials blocked critical journalists and media from following their social media accounts. Child, Early, and Forced Marriage: The legal minimum marriage age is 18. Across the criminal justice system, many actors lacked the necessary training and capacity to carry out their duties fairly and consistently in line with the principle of equal justice. The government did not enforce the law effectively. Between 2017 and August the Office of the Special Prosecutor for Crimes against Journalists, a unit in the Prosecutor Generals Office, charged 136 public servants for crimes against journalists. The law provides for eight paid public holidays and one week of paid annual leave after completing one year of work. The Interior Secretariat registered 224 verbal and physical attacks against journalists in 2020 and a total of 1,052 between 2015 and 2020, 41 percent of which the secretariat attributed to public servants. Penalties for law violations regarding occupational safety and health regulations were commensurate with those for other similar laws but were rarely enforced. Many companies evaded taxes and social security payments by employing workers through subcontracting regimes or by submitting falsified payroll records to the Mexican Social Security Institute. An Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation study on the use of contraceptives in Chiapas (the poorest state) found that older women were less likely to use family planning methods (13 percent of women ages 35 and older, versus 18 percent of women ages 20-34), while 23 percent of indigenous women opposed birth control for religious, cultural, or social reasons. Between January and June, state authorities opened 10,458 new rape investigations. Victims relatives and civil society continued to criticize handling of the original investigation by the Attorney Generals Office, noting there had been no convictions related to the disappearances of the 43 students. In 2020 the STPS Federal Labor Inspectorate conducted almost 30,000 labor inspections nationwide but reported finding only one case of child labor. new pdhpe units of work stage 2; reading process worksheet. On June 6, authorities arrested former Nayarit governor Roberto Sandoval and his daughter Lidy Alejandra Sandoval Lopez for corruption and money laundering. Occupational Safety and Health: The law requires employers to observe occupational safety and health regulations, issued jointly by the STPS and Institute for Social Security. According to the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) 2016 survey, 18 percent of women ages 15 and older reported having experienced physical violence at the hands of their current or most recent partner, and 6.5 percent reported having experienced sexual violence. There is no single independent oversight mechanism to review police actions, but many federal and state security and justice sector institutions have internal affairs units providing internal supervision and promoting best practices for transparency and accountability. Freedom of Expression for Members of the Press and Media, Including Online Media: Independent media were active and expressed a wide variety of views without restriction but often self-censored due to fear of reprisal. There were credible reports that members of security forces committed some abuses. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor, c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment, d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation. Barriers to accessing contraceptives stemmed from lack of knowledge, poverty, lack of access to health services, and sexual violence from family members, strangers, or friends. Reproductive Rights: There were no confirmed reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization on the part of government authorities. Participation of Women and Members of Minority Groups: No laws limit the participation of women or members of minority groups in the political process, and they did participate. The UN Office for the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) documented cases in the states of Mexico and Chiapas in which detainees remained in pretrial detention for more than 12 years. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, and NGOs expressed concerns regarding arbitrary detention and the potential for it to lead to other human rights abuses. As of December 2020 the Prosecutor Generals Office reported a total of 2,041 federal investigations underway into disappearances involving approximately 3,400 persons. As part of that process, the Federal Center published a new legitimization protocol to include a mechanism that allows for submission of complaints regarding alleged irregularities that may happen prior to, during, and after the vote. This mass displacement elevated the groups risk of malnutrition and health maladies. According to NGO Article 19, lethal attacks occurred against journalists in Sonora, including the killings of Benjamin Morales on May 3 and Ricardo Lopez Dominguez on July 22 and the disappearance of Jorge Molontzin on March 16. In a June International Organization for Migration survey, 20 percent of citizens and 35 percent of third-country migrants reported using a smuggler to arrive to the U.S.-Mexico border. We do know that Cuba has relatively few guns, and violent crime is fairly uncommon. Children performed dangerous tasks in agriculture in the production of beans, chili peppers, coffee, cucumbers, eggplants, melons, onions, tomatoes, and tobacco. The law describes femicide as a gender-based murder under any of the following seven circumstances: signs of sexual violence, previous violence, emotional connection to the perpetrator, previous threats, harassment history, victim held incommunicado prior to deprivation of life, or victims body exposure in a public place. And while the media sensationalizes stories of violence in Mexico, Mexico is safer than many major U.S. cities.Visitors from around the world enjoy these vibrant cities in relative, reasonable safety. According to the Center for Economic Research and Teaching, most criminal suspects did not receive representation until after their first custody hearing, thus making individuals vulnerable to coercion to sign false statements prior to appearing before a judge. The government investigated and prosecuted some of these crimes, but the vast majority remained uninvestigated and unprosecuted. In May voting in prisons occurred for the first time in the countrys modern history after the Federal Electoral Tribunal ruled prisoners in pretrial detention had the right to vote. The CNDH sends a request to the authority asking for evidence of its compliance and includes this follow-up information in its annual report. In March attackers shot and killed Father Gumersindo Cortes in Guanajuato. In many parts of the country, human smuggling organizations wielded significant power, and media alleged frequent collusion among local authorities. OSAC Council. The state search commission paused all search efforts between May and June due to increased levels of insecurity for family search collectives, according to civil society groups. The CNDH reported that assailants killed 12 human rights defenders from January to July. The guidelines allow internet service providers to deny access to certain applications, content, and services based on commercial criteria, in breach of their obligations to protect neutrality. According to multiple NGOs, due to COVID-19s impact on the economy, funding sources for womens shelters, including for indigenous women, were insufficient. Of the 32 states, 24 criminalize sexual harassment, and all states have provisions for punishment when the perpetrator is in a position of power. As of August 16, the suspects remained in detention awaiting trial. 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