By then, however, the widening use of Oil had depressed the price of coal some 40%. It served until the M.D. Subsequent years were not as good. Save for the pretty little wooden gazebo of a bandstand which someone built sometime prior to 1914, no structures stand on 20ths south side. Come the early 20s and the economic downturn following the Great War, WF&S ran out of suitable rock and quietly went out of business. Come the end of the second millennium Bellevue somnambulates on its sunny bench, savouring, perhaps, plots of vengeance on a petro-carbon addicted world when the caverns beneath the Persian Gulf spit up their last drops. There the coal was sorted and cleaned by hand and dumped into a short train of small gondolas which were eased by cable down the face of the scarp on rails laid on the slope. By that Christmas the Coleman Hotel was up and renting rooms for $30 per month. Washing the coal prior to coking, or otherwise reducing the amount of contaminated coal used in the coking process, helped. He and his Mtis wife, Harriet ne Le Blanc, had started their family,10 ran a few cattle, grew gardens, and eventually opened Gladstone House, a roadhouse combination hotel, lodging house and saloon. Because two tons of coal were needed to treat one ton of ore, the smelter, insisted Fernau, should be built at the coal mine and the ore transported thither. Dyer and his cohorts incorporated the International Coal and Coke Company, Limited, in the State of Washington on April 28th, 1902, capitalizing it to $3 millions in one dollar shares. Hamilton contacted Drewry and on November 1st of that year, 1906, began buying the coal rights to some 12,350 acres. Hill to open a local bureau. When the track laying crew worked its way through in the spring of 1898, they spiked down the Crows Nest Lines tenth siding near the spa and dropped off an old boxcar to act as freight shed and station for what was commonly called the Springs. 3 crosses the Crowsnest River on a little pre-stressed concrete span which quakes in sympathy when a freight train rattles the bones of its neighbouring railroad bridge about two spits away up-stream. Though they withdrew their men from most towns, Blairmore was one place in which the RN-WMP maintained a presence for, with the threat of sabotage ever present during wartime, every pound of explosive distributed in the Trough had to be monitored. Nineteen-21 was a banner year for road building in Alberta, with extensive work carried out on what had been designated the Red Route in 1920, the proto No. Known as the Greenhill mine, its prodigious output was the economic mainstay of Blairmore, through good times and bad, for nearly half of a century. The Municipality, Today, tourism and a bit of logging are the only things which sustain folks in the east Pass. It is Crowsnest Pass that has the lowest elevation, at 1,358 m. After a few months development work, the partners realized that the property was going to be a cinch to mine. In easy retirement, the community spends its time painting its houses, driving school buses back and forth to the Comprehensive High School in Coleman, tending their commercial greenhouses and laying awake some nights trying to distinguish between the rumble of a CP train on the Crows Nest Line and the restless heart of Turtle Mountain. The loss of their main customer edged the company to the brink of ruin. Reports Harold Freyer in his contribution to the Canadian West Magazine Volume 8 Number 1, Blue-Coated Mounties, Justice of the Peace Joseph H. Robertson was the first to spot the pair and hustled to phone the Alberta Provincial Police offices in Blairmore. The Eastern Townships Bank, of which Flumerfelt of International C&C was a director, opened a branch, the temperance Pacific Hotellater renamed the Empirewas raised by A.G. Trelle in competition with the Coleman, and Lloyd Manley had built the Grand Union Hotel. From them, a confusion of alleyways branch off, leading to and through the connecting rooms from which the coal has been removed. Though the mine closed forever on April 30th, 1957, ample evidence of the works remains. Rolling along the Lakes shore in Sentinels shadow, the thin air thick with cool pine, the Highway crosses the causeway and a 1978 bridge that separates diminutive Emerald Lake from Crowsnest. Some experts believe its just a matter of time before another major landslide occurs. Then disaster. The B.C. Coleman Collieries Limited managed to find markets for its produce until 1983 when economics forced it to quit mining, leaving the Town reliant mainly on retirement income and tourism to keep it afloat. I, your good guide, do confess that I havent seen the collection in a few years. A half a kilometre into the devastation, opposite the roadside information boards on the Highways south side, an access road winds visitors a couple of kilometres up onto the valleys northern bench to the Frank Slide Interpretive Centre where the event is fully explained, and other bits of Trough history addressed. Though it appeared that the good times had returned to the mines, the directors realized that this was temporary and economies still had to be achieved. Miller and Geo. Little damaged by the miners strike which convulsed the Pass in 1911, and buoyed by Industrys substantial investments, Blairmore charged into the Great War. The little collection of shacks wherein the miners lived was called McGillivrays Hill. Meanwhile, across the Tracks, stretching up into York Creek on the south side of the Trough, a 4500-acre coal property had been staked under the name of Dennison Collieries. It wasnt, however, until the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Company began its search for an alternative coal source for its expanding plant at Grand Forks, B.C, that Coleman got its start. On January 26th of 1924 he was awarded a seven-year sojourn as a guest of the federal government in its oh, so exclusive hostelry at Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, where he died of miners pthisis on April 5th, 1926. Larger lumps of coal were worth more because they burned longer in the consumers furnaces. It met with some initial success in 1907 when it was able to hammer out an agreement with the UMWA which guaranteed some stability in the coal fields. In hopes of a recovery, the company maintained the Greenhill until 1963 when it allowed the depths to flood. ), when the Post Office authorized C.P. A few metres beyond the bridge the old Highway dog-legs gently left to head almost due east into downtown Blairmore as 20th Avenue, though in its career it has answered to Victoria Avenue, Main Street, and Tim Buck Boulevard. For ten years the old Courthouse served various community needs while the roof leaked and heritage societies contemplated its historic worth. Stream ad-free with Amazon Music Unlimited on mobile, desktop, and tablet. On a concrete basement exterior walls of hollow tiles rose two storeys, were stuccod and covered with a hipped roof broken by several dormer windows. The Natives arent so sure. The merchants and service providers moved, too, of course, and the demand for construction lumber kept The Mill howling day and night.9 Gladstone Creek was dammed to flood a log-dump and hold a reserve of water for the mill wheel. It came to be called West Blairmore. In 1952 H-MC joined Coleman Collieries, Limited (CCL), a consortium of Pass coal companies controlled by CPs Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company, Limited, (CM&S) and began delivering Tents bounty to the consortiums new washery and tipple in Coleman. It proceeds for 5km (3mi) into the town of Fort Macleod, after which Highway2 splits south to Cardston and the United States border. In the morning shadows of Turtle Mountain he discovered a cold spring of sulphurous, milky-white water burbling to the surface. In fact, in the early evening of September 21st, 1922, the normal noises of a struggling coal town finishing dinner and tucking the kids into bed were punctuated by a fusillade of revolver reports. Auloff was all for heading south into the U.S., and when the other two thought they wanted to hang around the Pass a while longer and enjoy their notoriety, Auloff took the bulk of the loot and made his escape. In 1912, though, the project was resuscitated by the locally-influential W.A. A 150 kW generator driven by a 300 horse-power steam engine powered by four boilers was fitted into the powerhouse. Bankrupt, on March 5th of 1915, mentions M.A. School classes, state the authors of the chapter entitled Education in Photo CompanionCrowsnest and its people., were offered that year, possibly in Montalbettis cabin. So: rise/run = 6/100 The question is, if the horizontal "run" is actually 15km, what is the corresponding "rise" (call it x)? The engine house, writes Gordon A. The 1920 and 30s were a struggle for the inhabitants of Hillcrest, as they were for the rest of the Pass communities, indeed the entire Country, Continent and World. Smuggling was uncontrollable, as was the manufacture of moon shine.. The event took 100 seconds from the moment the support pillars in the Canadian-American Coal and Coke Company mine began to crush until the last big boulder finally crunched to rest. Though its economy, too, was straitened, Blairmore became the envy of the Trough, riding relatively high on the back of government spending. Despite the little recession which gripped the North American economy in 1908, MLC was able to gather enough financing to enlarge its power generating capacity, install a new hoist, and weather a three-month strike in 1909. This despite Hills illegally locking out UMWA miners for awhile in a dispute with the Union. A few hundred metres eastward from 21sts intersection, the Bellevue-Hillcrest Road has, since the creation of the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass in 1979, come to the Highway from the south as 213th Street, crosses and climbs up the scarp to join 21st Avenue at the western edge of Bellevues central business district. This consisted of approximately 3,000 tons per day from the Greenhill mine itself, plus 500 tons from a strip mine which the company opened that year up on Grassy Mountain, and a further 500 tons from another open pit mine on the Mountain which a separate outfit had begun developing a year earlier. The officers at Blairmore phoned Constable Lawson in Coleman and instructed him to intercept Steve. A shift or two in a mine and a mine there would down tools in protest over a specific issue. Download our mobile app now. The old miners hospital, near the barracks, now serves seniors as a drop in centre. British Columbia Highway 3, officially named the Crowsnest Highway, is an 841-kilometre (523 mi) highway that travels across southern British Columbia. Only when the coal in the stack of galleries was free could it be gently drained through the chutes and rolled out of the mine in horse-drawn rail cars. The company had acquired a large plot of land adjacent to Blairmore proper and over the years had built cottages and a rooming house for its workers, and the fancy Charbonnier House mansion for its manager. While he had his own residence raised beside the mine works in the valley between Hillcrest and Turtle Mountains, Hill had a water-piped townsite laid out on a quarter-section of wooded flats flanking Drum Creek at the base of the bench upon which the Mine entered the mountain. . Was it close enough to established, high-volume transportation to warrant development? Nicholson of the APP held overall responsibility for the hunt qnd was probably grateful for the assistance of Inspector J. McDonald and his RCMP contingent. On November 23rd, 1926, a blast underground took ten lives and spawned a Royal Commission of inquiry. The main ventilation fan had been reversed immediately after the explosion in an attempt to drive fresh air to the workers, but, likely due to blocked shafts, the effort was unsuccessful. Invisible in the trees, an old path winds away to the south-west, passing the base of the highest mountain in the region, Ptolemy, into whose 9,234 foot-high crags an RCAF Dakota slammed on January 23rd, 1946, killing all seven aboard. Rumours that the region was rich in coal had been in circulation for nearly 40 years before Dr. George Mercer Dawson of the Geological Survey of Canada made his way into the Crowsnest Pass in 1884. Even from a distance, the scientists are able to monitor extremely minute changes in the time it takes for the microwave signals to echo off the rock face. A few months work convinced the company that the mine was worth developing. In July of 1893, reports J.A. Blessed with a large and fairly predictable set of seams to work, there was always lots of coal to mine. No sooner had ruins been cleared away than May meltwaters again broke over their creeks banks, a scenario which would be repeated yet again in 1995. From information that he gleaned from the Times, condensed and submitted to the editorial staff of Crowsnest and its people, Alrik Tiberg reports that at their August, 1905, meeting, the Village rate-payers had permitted The Pass Light and Water Company to erect a pole line and offer electricity to Blairmores residents. Some of the most beautiful and treacherous roadway in Canada. See an Enlarged Photo Here. hwy Crowsnest Pass. Crowsnest Pass Golf Club The Alberta Golf Tour's first 2 day "major" was held at this recently expanded Les Furber design, a golf course designer that has put his name on numerous mountain courses in Alberta and British Columbia. A warren of shops and offices were growing up around the mine mouth. Chas. 6/100 . 31km (19mi) northeast of Elko, the Crowsnest Highway reaches Fernie, then it goes north another 30km (19mi) to its junction with Highway 43 at Sparwood, and another 19km (12mi) east, the highway reaches the boundary with Alberta at Crowsnest Pass. 9th Avenue continues up its grade and, approaching Hillcrest proper, bifurcates into 8th and 9th, the latter of which angles off to the left. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), a radical labour association formed in Chicago in 1905, involved itself in the affair. The Hillcrest Miners Literary and Athletic Association soon came into being, a male-only sort of an organization that sponsored and promoted manly contests of sport and endurance. With that loss Colemans sidewalks started to curl at the edges, the roof shingles that exuberant Zephyrus removed remained missing. Another photo, dated to 1923, reveals little standing above the foundations, and todays remains are but a fraction of those. In the western Pass, in B.C., where the towns and everything in them was either directly owned, or indirectly controlled, by the areas only employer, the Crows Nest Pass Coal Company, labour faced a near impossible task in organizing itself. It is the lowest-elevation mountain pass in Canada south of the Yellowhead Pass (1,130 m or 3,710 ft); the other major passes, which are higher, being Kicking Horse Pass (1,640 m or 5,380 ft), Howse Pass (1,530 m or 5,020 ft) and Vermilion Pass (1,680 m or 5,510 ft). Passing the much-photographed antique fire hydrant, one of the few relics of the Old Town to survive, one bears left on the narrow paved lane of Old Frank Road152nd Streetwhich, generally following the loop of the River, was bent through the boulders in 1917 to replace the stage road which had picked its way around the northern fringe of the Slide since 1903. In 1929 the Mines mouth was re-enforced with a concrete portal and the tipple was rebuilt. These grievances added their weight to others and when the United Mine Workers of America called out the workers in a Pass-wide strike in the early months of 1911, WCCs Bellevue men were among the first out. Softwood Lumber Agreement. With rights in hand, with samples for demonstration firings, with a market identified, and with the answers to myriad other niggling questions prepared, the developer had to find investors willing to risk money on what was, after all, first cousin to a crap shoot. It addressed the issue of children in the pits, and set a wage for contract miners at $0.57 per long ton (2240 lbs.) The coal compressed within Hillcrests three seams proved to be ideal for use in locomotives; it was low in ash content and therefore relatively free of clinkers when burned. The installation of cribbing, called timber-work, also caused friction. A case in point documented by Laura Johnston in one of her articles in Crowsnest and its people was the first meeting of the new Town Municipality of Coleman on October 11th, 1910, at which the Temperance and Moral League tabled a petition demanding that the Council refuse to issue wholesale liquor licences and halt peddlers going door-to-door hawking booze. The coal, as mentioned, was bituminous; gaseous, friable. As well, the 25 trestles required to lift the F&GMR up the Gold Creeks valley needed constant attention and several had to be replaced in the wake of a forest fire in 1910. A man which C-AC&Cs acting superintendent, J.S. Imprisoned among the Kootenays strata are several seams of Bituminous and lignite coal which were, at the turn of the Twentieth Century, substantial enough to guarantee profits to any organization with cash enough to develop the measures. Emilio Picariello had emigrated to Toronto from Sicily in the 1900s, married well, worked hard and had moved his family to Fernie in 1911 to manage a macaroni factory and get into the wine bottle recycling business. Taking an option on the property for $30,000, Frank and Gebo began digging their Blairmore Springs Coal Mine in December of 1900. Come the 20s there were five stores and a caf in the tiny business district. Click Edit Show Elevation Profile. Along the wharf at the narrow end of the ovens ran a steam ram which shoved the six tons of finished coke out of the oven onto the discharge wharf where it was quenched with water and loaded into boxcars lined up along the wharfs face. Frank, and the struggle to find new sources of credit to finance the Mines expensive vertical shaft operations must have worn him down. Because all the development work took place in the seam, coal was produced from day one of the operation, and come the summer of 1901 the Troughs first mine was dispatching regular shipments. The Act did not address the on-going dispute between workers and bosses regarding hours of work, lost time and recompense, but did provide dozens of solicitors with hundreds of billable hours as the regulations were argued over in the courts by an organization which was formed that year, the Western Coal Operators Association. The place went up in flames on February 8th, 1959, and was rebuilt on a philosophy of gender equality. The Town was happy to donate two additional lots to accommodate the enlarged structure and in March of 1923 Watson and Abercrombie began construction. A.J was alert to new commercial ventures, and it was obvious to him that, should the coal market boom, fortunes would be made in the east Pass. On July 15th, 1870, by proclaiming the Manitoba Act, the Dominion of Canada had affirmed its sovereignty over the entire expanse of western North America above the Forty-Ninth degree of Parallel excluding the American territory of Alaska and the colony of British Columbia. In 1959, citizens rehabilitated the Hillcrest Cemetery which had become a wild forest glade, and today a dignified cairn has replaced the humble wooden head markers that were originally used to record the names of the dead. At the time of the Slide he had been in Paris to finalize the sale of C-AC&C to a French consortium for $1.5 million. Any interference in the flow of product between pit and consumer jeopardized the entire process. In a momentous meeting held on October 8th of that year, CCLs board doubtless considered this proposal while re-arranging its companys basic structure. Trenching, however, was hard, time consuming work and miners dispensed with the procedure whenever they could. About five easy kilometres easterly from Coleman the No. Inhabited predominantly by Italian families, it was officially discouraged but resisted eradication like a weed, and though nearly drowned in the flood of May 31st, 1923, it survived until WCC shut down when the Age of Oil put paid to Pass coal. Though it had developed the coal measures near its Mainline at Bankhead near Banff and owned large mines at Lethbridge, CP was interested in securing reliable sources of good quality fuel closer to the Kootenays. With the aid of the Dutch Reformed Church in Southern Alberta, it was built at Passburg, a few miles east down the Highway, by Chris Withage of Lethbridge under contract to local Dutch immigrants who just wanted to provide travellers with a place in which to refresh their spirits. In 1914 the two-room Hillcrest School opened, freeing the old Mission School higher up the hill to be converted into a home. Beyond, the Highway, eager to get down onto tiny Police Flats, cuts through the tip of the spur. In the early 1990s the Grand Union welcomed youth hostellers with reduced rates; not so now. Some 200 metres away on the travellers right at about 2 oclock, is a siding which was first laid in 1909 to facilitate the loading of clay. Leaving Frank, A little bridge installed in 1955 carries the No. Having robbed the CPR train at Sentinel five days earlier, and split up with their pard, Ausby Auloff, Geo. With money flowing out of the community, infrastructure remained basic and the whole settlement had a transient air about it. As the tax base grew the Village began to chafe under its corporate restrictions. Its style and success appealed to the miners in the east Pass and on May 8th, 1903, they abandoned the WFM and joined the UMWA, District 18, sub-district 5. For two years, fortune smiled on the hamlet of Frank as its population grew past 500 souls. Beyond Gargantua Cave, one of the largest spelunking attractions in Canada, the trail eventually crosses the Tent Pass to get into the Coal Creeks valley above Fernie, only some twenty miles as-the-crow-flies south-west from here. Upton established the Hillcrest Orchestra, the antecedent, record the authors of Hillcrest Mines in chapter two of Crowsnest and Its PeopleMillennium Edition, . McLarens was not the only sawmill to scream logs into lumber in the early years of Blairmore. Enraged, strikers denounced the scabs and attacked their working neighbours. Zoom to + Zoom In Zoom In Thereafter people were disinclined to live in the shadow of Turtle Mountain and pressure was put upon Blairmore to accommodate the refugees as well as the increasing numbers of pioneers who came to the Trough to earn their fortunes. A spur crossing the old highway and curving through what is now the Health Centres grounds connected the yards to Crows Nest Line at a switch near the McLaren mill site. The owners called in the police to maintain order and heads were cracked all round. Even the Prez is utilitarian in dcor, one of its window panes vibrating excitedly as a rare freight train drags its weight through the vacant yards a block south. When a new sanatorium, eventually named the Baker Memorial Sanatorium, was completed in the Bowness suburb of Calgary in 1920, the army abandoned the San. Tainted by illness, the building stood empty until it was finally torn down in 1928, its property becoming a playground. Refurbished with a doubled capacity in 1929 and completely re-equipped in 1946, the old station was said to consume 10,000 gallons of water a day and puked the residue from 20,000 tons of powdered coal annually from its 60 foot-tall stack. On July 7th, the last body found was located, leaving only Sidney Bainbridge to wander alone in the caverns under Hillcrest Mountain. (Joe?) About 1930 Alex Morency opened the Crowsnest Lake Dance Pavilion, a popular hot-spot which closed in the early 1970s and sat decaying in 1999. Officially, the Commission concluded that all those factors played a part in the disaster, but it was primarily Mans mining under its skin which snapped the Turtles equilibrium.18 Though the Commissioners found that the C-AC&C could not be blamed for the calamity, it could be held liable should it keep working the Mine and cause a second slide. Karl Marx Park became a popular rally and recreation venue, and sporting houses were banned. Come 1906 and a bullish coal market, Hamilton sent the Kerr brothers, John and William, into the Trough to find a likely prospect. Kerr in his introductory article in Crowsnest and its People (Crowsnest Pass Historical Society, Coleman, 1979), during the Mesozoic Period between 220 and 70 million years ago. Dr. G.B. 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